On linear power supplies, the switch mode power
supply is set to deliver its maximum power, even if the circuit that is
connected to it isn’t pulling a lot of current. The result is that all
components are working at their full capacity, even if it isn’t necessary. The
result is the generation of a greater heat.
The main advantage of this method is greater
efficiency because the switching transistor dissipates little power when it is
outside of its active region (i.e., when the transistor acts like a switch and
either has a negligible voltage drop across it or a negligible current through
it). Other advantages include smaller size and lighter weight (from the
elimination of low frequency transformers which have a high weight) and lower
heat generation due to higher efficiency. Disadvantages include greater
complexity, the generation of high-amplitude, high-frequency energy that the
low-pass filter must block to avoid electromagnetic interference (EMI), a
ripple voltage at the switching frequency and the harmonic frequencies thereof.
Switch mode power supply units (PSUs) in
domestic products such as personal computers often have universal inputs,
meaning that they can accept power from mains supplies throughout the world,
although a manual voltage range switch may be required. Switch-mode power
supplies can tolerate a wide range of power frequencies and voltages.